GLP-1s
FAQ plan sponsor guide
Shifting Pharmacy Benefit Focus
GLP-1 strategy for weight loss management
July 21, 2026
GLP-1s have rapidly shifted the focus in weight loss treatments and pharmacy benefit strategies. What started primarily as a medication for type 2 diabetes has grown to a high-cost, high-demand sector with significant clinical benefits and equally significant impact for employers and members. Plan sponsors must navigate the mounting financial pressures as utilization climbs and new indications emerge.
PBIRx Intelligence
Learn how PBIRx guides our clients navigate complexities of GLP-1s in the pharmacy landscape - below
PBIRx Clinical GLP-1 Expertise
Plan Sponsor Guide
PBIRx PharmD breaks down cost drivers and costly mistakes
- In this Q & A style blog, PBIRx Senior Clinical Pharmacy Consultant, Dana Kruse, PharmD, breaks down the cost drivers associated with the latest GLP-1 weight management therapies and the strategies to best insulate plan sponsors from escalating cost trends. Whether you are an employer evaluating coverage options, a plan sponsor navigating skyrocketing spend, or simply looking to better understand this ever-evolving GLP-1 landscape, this blog offers clear, practical insights with both clinical expertise and real-world pharmacy benefit consulting experience.
How do you think about value versus affordability when it comes to GLP-1 anti-obesity medications?
- The clinical value and efficacy of these drugs is quickly apparent and measurable; however, the economic return does not mirror the same timeline – it is delayed and diffused across the broader healthcare system, beyond the pharmacy benefit. The PMPM (per member per month) impact of these medications is a budget shock to most plan sponsors. GLP-1 therapies represent a high upfront and ongoing investment with uncertain return on investment. Costs are recurring and long-term, whereas potential savings lag.
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Additionally, value is not uniform across the eligible population. Members with higher baseline cardiovascular or metabolic risk are more likely to generate meaningful clinical and economic return compared to those with lower BMIs and fewer comorbidities. A plan sponsor with higher workforce turnover may also see less economic value as the long-term cardiovascular benefits may not be realized by the member while still active on the plan. -
Beyond the traditional ROI, plan sponsors also need to decide how to assess workforce-related value. Coverage of these medications can be positioned as a differentiator for talent acquisition and retention. This can be strategically meaningful, yet costly, depending on the organization’s priorities.
Overall, the clinical efficacy of anti-obesity GLP-1 agonists is established, but economic value depends heavily on patient selection and time horizon.
What are the top considerations when plan sponsors are deciding whether, and how, to cover GLP-1s for obesity?
- There are a variety of factors plan sponsors must consider when evaluating GLP-1 coverage for obesity. There is clear and growing pressure to include these therapies as a covered benefit. But for many plan sponsors, the cost trajectory of including GLP-1s has simply not been sustainable. Employers are increasingly challenged to maintain the same level of rich benefits they historically offered, while managing this new financial challenge of this popular category of drugs.
Balancing affordability with clinical outcomes has become a real challenge. GLP-1s for weight loss, such as Wegovy and Zepbound, have quickly become top cost drivers for plans that continue to cover them, despite the recent market release of oral products. On average, a month’s supply costs plan sponsors about $1,000 per utilizer (pre-rebates). A significant portion of the US population qualifies for these medications based on product labeling alone.-
According to the latest census data from the CDC, more than 40% of US adults have obesity and there is a growing adolescent population with obesity and overweight. Additionally, these medications are well tolerated and extremely effective for weight loss, making them appeal to the masses. The clinical benefits go beyond that of weight loss – including improvements in insulin resistance and reductions in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. -
Still, the value equation is complex. Data shows that a significant amount of weight is regained in those that discontinue GLP-1 drugs, highlighting the importance of sustainable lifestyle modifications. -
Employers are increasingly looking beyond traditional PBM-based coverage models. It is critical for plan sponsors to fully understand their contract structure and financial model. PBIRx works alongside clients as industry experts, guiding them through the complexities of this ever-changing landscape. It is imperative to not only understand the options offered by the PBM, but also how to navigate different point solution vendors. Finding the solution that best aligns with the clinical goals and financial constraints is key and different for each employer.
While employers balance robust employee benefit offerings with affordability challenges, what are the most effective, innovative or emerging best practice solutions that employers can implement today?
- The majority of clients PBIRx works with have opted to exclude GLP-1s for weight loss, primarily because the massive financial burden has quickly become difficult to sustain. GLP-1s for weight management have added $25-$50 PMPM to overall plan costs, depending on a variety of factors. However, some employers continue to explore ways to balance access and affordability, relying on PBIRx for guidance as we are constantly evaluating new strategies as they emerge.
A strategic objective right now is leveraging direct-to-consumer (DTC) pricing models – either through integrated plan options or by allowing access outside the traditional benefit. An important consideration with DTC pricing models is that utilization management is often limited or absent. This can potentially open access and lead to increased off-label utilization. The conversation continues to change as legislation evolves, transparency increases, and rebate dynamics shift toward lower point-of-sale (POS) costs.
In addition, many employers are exploring partnerships with point-solution vendors that offer more comprehensive obesity management solutions. These programs typically combine medication access with lifestyle interventions, such as nutritional counseling, physical activity support, and behavioral coaching, along with prescriber coordination and oversight, to ensure appropriate utilization. Coverage can be contingent upon participation in these structured programs, often delivered through digital platforms, live coaching models, or a hybrid of both.
PBIRx also sees growing interest in pulling more traditional levers, such as placing these medications on higher formulary tiers or tightening prior authorization criteria. While these approaches may help manage utilization, they can come with negative consequences – most notably reduced rebates. Currently, these drugs receive significant manufacturer rebates. Achieving meaningful cost control through these plan design changes typically requires significant member cost-sharing, which can introduce potential access and adherence challenges. However, as the landscape shifts towards lowest POS costs, the rebate factor shrinks.
Where do we go from here and how will the GLP-1 market evolve over the next few years?
- PBIRx anticipates continued market expansion and sustained high rates of utilization. As the pipeline continues to grow, it will be important to closely monitor ongoing research and development, particularly as manufacturers introduce therapies with expanded mechanisms of action and broader indications. Oral formulations have recently launched, and the industry is already moving beyond dual-action therapies toward triple-action agents, such as retatrutide.
Beyond weight management, GLP-1 receptor agonists are also expected to gain FDA approvals for additional indications, including heart failure and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). As more products and manufacturers enter the market, increased competition will help drive down costs over time.
At the same time, continued focus on PBM reform and pricing transparency will remain critical to helping employers maximize healthcare value and make informed benefit decisions for their members. Prescription drug spending continues to represent an increasingly significant share of total healthcare costs, and traditional drug spend is rapidly approaching specialty drug spend due to the accelerating utilization of GLP-1 therapies.
Notably, nearly half of the total increase in drug spending last year was attributed to weight-management medications, and some projections estimate the market could grow to $158 billion by 2035.
PBIRx Intelligence
Partnering with an experienced consulting firm like PBIRx is increasingly critical for plan sponsors as they navigate this ever-changing GLP-1 landscape
PBIRx Intelligence - partnering with you to manage your pharmacy benefit spend
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- As GLP-1 treatments become more widely adopted, it is important for stakeholders to stay informed and educated on the evolving market to make the best decisions for their organizations and their members
PBIRx PharmD GLP-1 Specialists - helping you understand the impact of new drugs to market
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- PBIRx keeps clients and broker partners apprised of new drugs to market with our monthly newsletter which provides essential information with actionable insights
- Our team of PharmDs and pharmacy experts work at the granular level to identify cost-saving opportunities without compromising patient care
- With PBIRx support, patients can access the appropriate medications they need to manage conditions, while payers can achieve cost savings
PBIRx - strategies for your plan to stay ahead of the trend
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- PBIRx will continue to be at the forefront in providing informed guidance to our valued client partners as they navigate the evolving GLP-1 landscape
- Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you manage your medication costs





